C40 carotenoids including C40 originated apocarotenoids and intermediates
    1.1 psi,psi Carotene
            C40 Hydroxycarotenoids

C42H60O2

596.9 g/mol

  Predict biological activities of this carotenoid
3,4--H, 3',4'--H, 1,2+H, 1',2'+H, 1-Methoxy, 1'-Methoxy, psi,psi
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Present in light harvesting complexes of photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum ruburum (Ref.462).

13

13

Cis/trans isomer: CA00097

Constitutional isomer: CA00380, CA00622

0

2

2

0.000

44

18.460 Å²

Substrate: CR00250,  CR00251

Product: CR00128,  CR00327,  CR00335

Pathway: CB000017,  CB000018,  CB000019,  CB000020,  CB000021,  CB000047,  CB000050,  CB000142

Major carotenoid in phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodoplanes species (Ref.708), Rhodospirillum rubrum (Ref.709), purple sulfur bacteria Thiocapsa roseopersicina, Thiocapsa pendens, Thiocapsa rosea, Thiocapsa litoralis (Ref.718) and Chromatium tepidum sp. nov. (Ref.730). Predominant carotenoid in purple-violet Thiocapsa strain 5811 (Ref.717).

Ref.337: H.C. Malhotra, G. Britton, T.W. Goodwin, Phytochemistry, Volume 9, Issue 11, November 1970, Pages 2369–2375, "The mono- and dimethoxy-carotenoids of diphenylamine-inhibited cultures of rhodospirillum rubrum".

Ref.343: Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M.; Dilbeck, Preston L.; Tang, Qun; Mothersole, David J.; Martin, Elizabeth C.; Bocian, David F.; Holten, Dewey; Hunter, C. Neil, Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M.; Dilbeck, Preston L.; Tang, Qun; Mothersole, David J.; Martin, Elizabeth C.; Bocian, David F.; Holten, Dewey; Hunter, C. Neil, "Functional characteristics of spirilloxanthin and keto-bearing Analogues in light-harvesting LH2 complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with a genetically modified carotenoid synthesis pathway".

Ref.344: Zhao, Chun-gui; Fu, Qiao-ming; Zhuo, Min-quan; Yang, Su-ping, Weishengwuxue Tongbao (2014), 41(7), 1448-1455., "The relative polarity and stability of each carotenoid of spirilloxanthin biosynthesis pathway by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)".

Ref.546: Sabine STEIGER, Chantal ASTIER and Gerhard SANDMANN, Biochem. J. (2000) 349, 635–640, "Substrate specificity of the expressed carotenoid 3,4-desaturase from Rubrivivax gelatinosus reveals the detailed reaction sequence to spheroidene and spirilloxanthin".

Ref.360: Pierre Caumette, Karin Schmidt, Hanno Biebl, Norbert Pfennig, Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Volume 6, Issue 2, September 1985, Pages 132–136, "Characterization of a Thiocapsa Strain Containing Okenone as Major Carotenoid".

Ref.364: S. Takaichi, K. Shimada, and J. Ishidsu, Arch Microbiol.(1990) 153:118-122, "Carotenoids from the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter longus: β-Carotene and its hydroxyl derivatives".

Ref.462: GERHART DREWS, MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Mar. 1985, p. 59-70 , "Structure and Functional Organization of Light-Harvesting Complexes and Photochemical Reaction Centers in Membranes of Phototrophic Bacteria".

Ref.708: Takaichi S, Sasikala Ch, Ramana ChV, Okamura K, Hiraishi A., Curr Microbiol. 2012 Aug;65(2):150-5. doi: 10.1007/s00284-012-0139-y. Epub 2012 May 11., "Carotenoids in Rhodoplanes species: variation of compositions and substrate specificity of predicted carotenogenesis enzymes.".

Ref.709: Guo-Shu Wang, Hartmut Grammel, Khaled Abou-Aisha, Rudolf Sägesser, Robin Ghosh, Applied and Environmental Microbiology p.7205–7215, October 2012 Volume 78 Number 20, "High-Level Production of the Industrial Product Lycopene by the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum", DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00545-12.

Ref.718: Pierre Caumette, Remy Guyoneaud, Johannes F. Imhoff, Jorg Suiing and Vladimir Gorlenko, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2004), 54, 1031–1036, "Thiocapsa marina sp. nov., a novel, okenonecontaining purple sulfur bacterium isolated from brackish coastal and marine environments".

Ref.730: MICHAEL T. MADIGAN, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1986, p. 222-227, "Chromatium tepidum sp. nov. a Thermophilic Photosynthetic Bacterium of the Family Chromatiaceae".

Ref.717: Pierre Caumette, Karin Schmidt, Hanno Biebl, and Norbert Pfennig, Systematic and Applied Microbiology Volume 6, Issue 2, September 1985, Pages 132-136, "Characterization of a Thiocapsa Strain Containing Okenone as Major Carotenoid", https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(85)80045-X.

34255-08-8

KEGG COMPOUND: C15881
KNApSAcK: C00022893
LipidBank: VCA1040
MassBank: CA000160
ProCarDB: C1915