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  Frequency distribution of Carotenoid DB fingerprints

Categories of chemical modifications	Number of fingerprints	Number of entries
Hydroxylation	1312	720
Saturation	920	568
Cyclization of end groups	884	884
Ketolation	525	394
Desaturation	423	357
Stereoisomer (R,S)	408	408
Apo	360	296
Epoxidation	197	173
Esterification	148	113
Cis/trans isomerization	137	115
Aldehyde addition	112	101
Glycosidation	112	95
Carbonylation	103	83
Alkoxylation	98	75
Isoprene polymerization	79	45
Nor	62	38
Complex polymerization	37	37
Olide	19	19
Sulfation	19	17
Seco	17	13
Retro	13	13
Cycloaddition	9	9
Geranylgeranylation	1	1

  

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☀Hydroxylation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11	C12	C13	C14	C15	C16	C17	C18	C19	C20
Hydroxy	beta	1	68	561	60	103	31	1	1	10	5	-	-	-	-	8	1	-	1	20	1
Hydroxy	gamma	-	-	5	-	1	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hydroxy	epsilon	-	2	105	1	3	26	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	1	-	1	4	-
Hydroxy	psi	138	26	3	4	6	52	-	1	2	-	2	-	-	-	-	5	3	1	8	4
Hydroxy	phi	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hydroxy	chi	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
Hydroxy	kappa	-	-	33	-	-	-	-	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-
Hydroxy	No end groups attached (apo)	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	6	2	12	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

---

☀Saturation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
7,8+H	beta	C7,8	65
11,12+H	beta	C11,12	3
1,2+H	beta	C1,2	3
5,8+H	beta	C5,8	49
5,6+H	beta	C5,6	233
3,4+H	beta	C3,4	1
4,5+H	beta	C4,5	1
6,7+H	beta	C6,7	2
5,6+H,　5,6-Epoxy	beta	C5,6,　5,6	2
13,14+H	beta	C13,14	1
9,10+H	beta	C9,10	8
7,8+H	gamma	C7,8	4
9,10+H	gamma	C9,10	1
4,5+H	epsilon	C4,5	6
7,8+H	epsilon	C7,8	29
5,6+H	epsilon	C5,6	2
9,10+H	epsilon	C9,10	11
7,8+H	psi	C7,8	130
11,12+H	psi	C11,12	44
1,2+H	psi	C1,2	278
5,6+H	psi	C5,6	8
15,15+H	psi	C15,15	3
9,10+H	psi	C9,10	1
4,5+H	epsilon	C4,5	12
7,8+H	epsilon	C7,8	58
5,6+H	epsilon	C5,6	4
9,10+H	epsilon	C9,10	22
3,4+H	psi	C3,4	6
7,8+H	kappa	C7,8	2
7,8+H	No end groups attached (apo)	C7,8	12
5,6+H	No end groups attached (apo)	C5,6	4
9,10+H	No end groups attached (apo)	C9,10	4
11,12+H	No end groups attached (apo)	C11,12	7
13,14+H	No end groups attached (apo)	C13,14	1

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☀Cyclization of end groups   Please click here to see the list of entries.





	beta	gamma	epsilon	psi	phi	chi	kappa
beta	321
gamma	4	4
epsilon	91	4	32
psi	126	4	13	222
phi	6	0	0	12	9
chi	9	1	0	3	3	2
kappa	36	0	0	0	0	2	3





	beta	gamma	epsilon	psi	phi	chi	kappa	-
-	158	1	53	16	0	0	2	33

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☀Ketolation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11	C12	C13	C14	C15	C16	C17	C18	C19	C20
Keto	beta	-	14	26	201	18	16	3	30	20	1	-	1	3	-	1	-	-	-	-	1
Keto	gamma	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Keto	epsilon	-	1	48	-	-	4	1	4	5	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Keto	psi	3	16	96	18	2	8	2	3	2	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Keto	kappa	-	-	12	-	-	46	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Keto	No end groups attached (apo)	-	-	-	-	-	5	1	8	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

---

☀Desaturation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3,4--H	beta	C3,4	26
7,8--H	beta	C7,8	82
2,3--H	beta	C2,3	21
4,5--H	beta	C4,5	11
6,7--H	beta	C6,7	63
8,9--H	beta	C8,9	5
3,4--H	gamma	C3,4	4
8,9--H	gamma	C8,9	1
2,3--H	epsilon	C2,3	6
6,7--H	epsilon	C6,7	6
7,8--H	epsilon	C7,8	2
8,9--H	epsilon	C8,9	3
3,4--H	psi	C3,4	179
1,16--H	psi	C1,16	7
4,5--H	psi	C4,5	1
7,8--H	phi	C7,8	2
7,8--H	chi	C7,8	1
8,9--H	No end groups attached (apo)	C8,9	2
10,11--H	No end groups attached (apo)	C10,11	1

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☀Stereoisomer (R,S)   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3R	beta	C3	102
4R	beta	C4	14
4S	beta	C4	10
3S	beta	C3	203
5R	beta	C5	143
6S	beta	C6	94
3'R	beta	C3'	72
3'S	beta	C3'	97
2R	beta	C2	27
2'S	beta	C2'	2
2S	beta	C2	2
2'R	beta	C2'	15
5S	beta	C5	19
4'S	beta	C4'	9
5'S	beta	C5'	7
6'S	beta	C6'	30
6R	beta	C6	47
5S'	beta	C5'	1
4'R	beta	C4'	8
5'R	beta	C5'	68
6'R	beta	C6'	31
8S	beta	C8	6
8'RS	beta	C8'	5
8RS	beta	C8	8
8R	beta	C8	5
8'R	beta	C8'	5
8'S	beta	C8'	6
5‘S	beta	C5‘	1
6‘S	beta	C6‘	1
5-	beta	C5-	1
6-	beta	C6-	2
9S	beta	C9	1
7R	beta	C7	1
6'R	gamma	C6'	4
3'S	gamma	C3'	1
6'S	gamma	C6'	1
3S	gamma	C3	3
6R	gamma	C6	6
3R	gamma	C3	1
5S	gamma	C5	1
2R	gamma	C2	3
2'R	gamma	C2'	3
6'R	epsilon	C6'	61
3'R	epsilon	C3'	47
6'S	epsilon	C6'	24
3'S	epsilon	C3'	17
6'-	epsilon	C6'-	1
6R	epsilon	C6	29
6S	epsilon	C6	12
3S	epsilon	C3	4
3R	epsilon	C3	14
4'S	epsilon	C4'	1
5'R	epsilon	C5'	1
9R	epsilon	C9	3
9RS	epsilon	C9	3
9S	epsilon	C9	1
2R	epsilon	C2	7
2'R	epsilon	C2'	4
2S	psi	C2	15
5R	psi	C5	2
6R	psi	C6	5
5S	psi	C5	3
2R	psi	C2	5
2'R	psi	C2'	6
2'S	psi	C2'	29
3'R	psi	C3'	2
5'R	psi	C5'	2
6'S	psi	C6'	2
3'-	psi	C3'-	2
2'-	psi	C2'-	1
4'-	psi	C4'-	1
5'R	kappa	C5'	22
3'S	kappa	C3'	15
1'R	kappa	C1'	7
5'S	kappa	C5'	1
3'R	kappa	C3'	2
3S	kappa	C3	4
5R	kappa	C5	4

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☀Apo   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
4-apo	psi	C4	67
8-apo	psi	C8	7
2-apo	psi	C2	5
5-apo	psi	C5	1
12-apo	psi	C12	1
6-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	25
8-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	59
10-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C10	47
12-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C12	17
15-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C15	29
9-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C9	57
7-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C7	16
14-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C14	5
11-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C11	12
13-apo	No end groups attached (apo)	C13	6

---

☀Epoxidation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
5,8-Epoxy	beta	C5,8	54
5,6-Epoxy	beta	C5,6	105
3,6-Epoxy	beta	C3,6	13
5,6+H,　5,6-Epoxy	beta	C5,6,　5,6	1
17,5-Epoxy	beta	C17,5	4
6,9-Epoxy	beta	C6,9	1
1,7-Epoxy	beta	C1,7	1
2,5-Epoxy	beta	C2,5	1
3,6-Epoxy	epsilon	C3,6	1
4,5-Epoxy	epsilon	C4,5	1
16,5-Epoxy	epsilon	C16,5	2
1,2-Epoxy	psi	C1,2	9
5,6-Epoxy	psi	C5,6	1
3,6-Epoxy	psi	C3,6	2
3,4-Epoxy	psi	C3,4	1

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☀Esterification   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3-Ethanoyloxy	beta	C3	35
3-Decanoyloxy	beta	C3	1
3-Dodecanoyloxy	beta	C3	4
3-(9-cis-Octadecanoyloxy)	beta	C3	1
3-Tetradecanoyloxy	beta	C3	7
3-(9-cis-Hexadecanoyloxy)	beta	C3	1
3-Hexadecanoyloxy	beta	C3	6
3-Hexadeca-ester	beta	C3	2
19-Hexanoyloxy		C19	1
19-Octanoyloxy	beta	C19	2
19-Decanoyloxy	beta	C19	5
3-ester	beta	C3	11
19-Hexanoyloxy	beta	C19	4
19-Butanoyloxy	beta	C19	2
19-Dodecanoyloxy	beta	C19	5
19-Ethanoyloxy	beta	C19	2
3-Methanoyloxy	beta	C3	1
15-Hexadecanoyloxy	beta	C15	2
3-Hexadecanoyloxy	epsilon	C3	2
3-Ethanoyloxy	epsilon	C3	1
11-COO-b-Glc	epsilon	C11	3
5-b-Glc-ester	psi	C5	2
4-ester	psi	C4	2
4-COO-b-Glc	psi	C4	10
4-COO-b-Glc-tetranoyl	psi	C4	2
4-COO-b-Glc-ester	psi	C4	4
4-COO-b-Glc-methyltetradecanoyloxy	psi	C4	2
1-b-Glc-ester	psi	C1	22
1-b-Glc-myc-ester	psi	C1	4
1-Hexadecanoyloxy	psi	C1	1
2-isoprene-peroxy	psi	C2	2
3-Tetrahydropyranosyloxy	phi	C3	2
3-Ethanoyloxy	phi	C3	3
19-Ethanoyloxy	No end groups attached (apo)	C19	2
8-COO-Glc-Glc-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	6
8-COO-Glc-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	14
8-COO-Glc-Xanthone	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	2
8-COO-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	2
6-ester-geranylgeranyl	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	1
8-COO-b-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	10

---

☀Cis/trans isomerization   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
15Z	beta	C15	4
9Z	beta	C9	23
13Z	beta	C13	5
all-E	beta	-	9
2E	beta	C2	1
3E	beta	C3	1
11Z	beta	C11	4
7E	beta	C7	1
9Z	epsilon	C9	9
13Z	epsilon	C13	1
all-E	epsilon	-	2
7E	epsilon	C7	2
11E	epsilon	C11	2
9E	epsilon	C9	1
poly-Z	psi	-	3
15Z	psi	C15	8
all-E	psi	-	3
9Z	psi	C9	16
13Z	psi	C13	10
7Z	psi	C7	4
13Z	phi	C13	1
15Z	phi	C15	1
9Z	phi	C9	1
7Z	phi	C7	4
all-E	chi	-	1
15Z	No end groups attached (apo)	C15	1
13Z	No end groups attached (apo)	C13	1
9Z	No end groups attached (apo)	C9	7
all-E	No end groups attached (apo)	-	2

---

☀Aldehyde addition   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
20-al	beta	C20	1
13-al	beta	C13	1
15-al	beta	C15	6
19-al	beta	C19	1
7-al	beta	C7	5
11-al	beta	C11	3
8-al	beta	C8	2
19-al	epsilon	C19	2
15-al	epsilon	C15	2
11-al	epsilon	C11	1
7-al	epsilon	C7	1
4-al	psi	C4	8
16-al	psi	C16	5
20-al	psi	C20	10
19-al	psi	C19	2
2-al	psi	C2	4
18-al	psi	C18	1
15-al	psi	C15	2
17-al	kappa	C17	1
16-al	kappa	C16	1
6-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	3
8-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	18
10-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C10	13
12-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C12	12
14-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C14	5
15-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C15	1
9-al	No end groups attached (apo)	C9	1

---

☀Glycosidation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3-b-Glc	beta	C3	8
3-a-LRha	beta	C3	10
3-b-Glc-8-methylnonanoyl	beta	C3	1
3-b-Glc-10-methylundecanoyl	beta	C3	1
3-b-Glc-6-O-11-methyldodecanoyl	beta	C3	4
3-b-Glc-12-methyltridecanoyl	beta	C3	1
3-b-Glc-6-O-13-methyltetradecanoyl	beta	C3	4
3-b-Glc-6-O-15-methylhexadecanoyl	beta	C3	1
3-b-Lac	beta	C3	1
15-b-Glc-OH	beta	C15	1
5-b-Glc	beta	C5	2
9-Glc-Glc	epsilon	C9	1
9-Glc	epsilon	C9	1
4-b-Glc	psi	C4	1
1-Man	psi	C1	3
5-b-Glc-ester	psi	C5	1
1-b-Glc	psi	C1	22
2-a-LRha	psi	C2	5
1-b-Glc-ester	psi	C1	11
2-a-Chi	psi	C2	3
2-a-Lfuc	psi	C2	7
2-Pen-CH3	psi	C2	3
1-a-LRha	psi	C1	2
1-Glc	psi	C1	4
2-a-Lfuc-di-CH3	psi	C2	2
2-a-Pen	psi	C2	1
2-a-Pen-CH3	psi	C2	1
2-b-Glc	psi	C2	1
2-a-Hex-CH3	psi	C2	1
2-a-Hex	psi	C2	1
2-a-Hex-di-CH3	psi	C2	1
1-b-Glc-myc-ester	psi	C1	2
1-b-Glc-hexadecanoate	psi	C1	2
1-b-Glc-dodecanoate	psi	C1	1
3-Glc	psi	C3	1

---

☀Carbonylation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
2-COOH	beta	C2	1
15-COOH	beta	C15	8
19-COOCH3	beta	C19	1
19-COOH	beta	C19	1
11-COOH	beta	C11	1
11-COO-b-Glc	epsilon	C11	1
11-COOH	epsilon	C11	4
8-COOCH3	psi	C8	5
4-COOH	psi	C4	12
4-COOCH3	psi	C4	2
4-COO-b-Glc	psi	C4	5
4-COO-b-Glc-tetranoyl	psi	C4	1
4-COO-b-Glc-ester	psi	C4	2
4-COO-b-Glc-methyltetradecanoyloxy	psi	C4	1
16-COOH	psi	C16	1
16-COOCH3	psi	C16	1
12-COOCH3	psi	C12	1
16-COOCH3	chi	C16	1
18-COOH	chi	C18	2
17-COOH	kappa	C17	2
10-COOH	No end groups attached (apo)	C10	6
7-COOH	No end groups attached (apo)	C7	2
8-COOCH3	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	3
8-COOH	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	7
12-COOH	No end groups attached (apo)	C12	2
8-COO-Glc-Glc-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	3
8-COO-Glc-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	7
8-COO-Glc-Xanthone	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	1
8-COO-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	1
8-COO-b-Glc	No end groups attached (apo)	C8	5
6-COOCH3	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	9
6-COOH	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	3

---

☀Alkoxylation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3-Methoxy	beta	C3	21
19-Methoxy	beta	C19	2
3-Methoxy	epsilon	C3	1
4-Ethoxy	epsilon	C4	1
1-Methoxy	psi	C1	72
2-Methoxy	psi	C2	1

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☀Isoprene polymerization   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
2-isoprene-4-OH	beta	C2	6
2-isoprene-4-Glc	beta	C2	2
2-isoprene-4-OH	gamma	C2	3
2-isoprene-4-Glc	gamma	C2	3
2-isoprene	epsilon	C2	5
2-isoprene-4-OH	epsilon	C2	11
2-isoprene-4-Glc	epsilon	C2	4
2-Reversed-isoprene-4-OH	epsilon	C2	2
2-isoprene	psi	C2	19
2-isoprene-4-OH	psi	C2	3
2-isoprene-3-OH	psi	C2	14
16-isoprene	psi	C16	1
16-isoprene-3-OH	psi	C16	1
2-isoprene-peroxy	psi	C2	1
2-isoprene-3-Glc	psi	C2	3
2-isoprene-Epoxy	psi	C2	1

---

☀Nor   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11	C12	C13	C14	C15	C16	C17	C18	C19	C20
nor	beta	-	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	7	10
nor	gamma	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
nor	epsilon	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	3	1
nor	psi	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	2	-	-	4	-	-	6	2
nor	No end groups attached (apo)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-

---

☀Complex polymerization   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
Complex_derivative2A	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2A1	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2A2	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2A3	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2A4	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2B	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2B1	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2B2	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2C	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2C1	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative2C2	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative3A	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative3B	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative5c	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative5a	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative5b	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative4a	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative4b	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative4c	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative3	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative5d	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative5e	beta	-	1
Complex_derivative1A	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1B	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1C	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1D	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1E	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1F	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1G	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1I	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1K	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1L	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1Da	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1Ga	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1J	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1H	psi	-	1
Complex_derivative1Hc153	psi	-	1

---

☀Olide   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
19,11-olide	beta	C19,11	14
19,11-olide	epsilon	C19,11	5

---

☀Sulfation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
3-SO4-Na	beta	C3	13
3-SO4-K	beta	C3	2
4-SO4-Na	beta	C4	4

---

☀Seco   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
5,6-seco	beta	C5,6	17

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☀Retro   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
4,5'-retro	beta	C4,5'	7
8,7'-retro	beta	C8,7'	1
6,5'-retro	beta	C6,5'	1
4',12'-retro	beta	C4',12'	1
4,5'-retro	psi	C4,5'	2
10,9'-retro	No end groups attached (apo)	C10,9'	1

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☀Cycloaddition   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
4,6-cyclo	beta	C4,6	3
2,6-cyclo	psi	C2,6	6

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☀Geranylgeranylation   Please click here to see the list of entries.





Chemical modification	End group	Position	Frequency
6-ester-geranylgeranyl	No end groups attached (apo)	C6	2

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Newly built on June 15, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.