Carotenoids obi
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                            (Archaea: Euryarchaeota, triangular, disc-shaped, extremely halophilic archaeon that requires high concentrations of NaCl for growth)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00043 (Lycopene)
  2. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  3. CA00807 (Retinal)
  4. CA01163 (Dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin)
  5. CA00907 (2-Isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorhodopin)
  6. CA00916 (Bisanhydrobacterioruberin)
  7. CA01194 (Dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin)
  8. CA00918 (3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin)
  9. CA00919 (Monoanhydrobacterioruberin)
  10. CA00920 (3',4'-Dihydromonoanhydrobacterioruberin)
  11. CA00923 (Bacterioruberin)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Bacterial type (Ref.621, Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000005 (Bacterial and fungal pathway: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00807 (Retinal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00807 (Retinal)

   See: CB000089 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00807)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CCD, CarX, NosACO, Brp (CR00050: CA00309 -> CA00807)




  ☀ CA00918 (3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA01163 (Dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin) -> CA00918 (3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin)

   See: CB000098 (Bacterial pathway: CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043 -> CA01163 -> CA00918)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043) --> LyeJ, C0506 (CR00320: CA00043 -> CA01163) --> LyeJ, C0506 (CR00324: CA01163 -> CA00918)




  ☀ CA00920 (3',4'-Dihydromonoanhydrobacterioruberin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA01163 (Dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin) -> CA00907 (2-Isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorhodopin) -> CA01194 (Dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin) -> CA00920 (3',4'-Dihydromonoanhydrobacterioruberin)

   See: CB000097 (Bacterial pathway: CA00043 -> CA01163), CB000097 (Bacterial pathway: CA01163 -> CA00907), CB000097 (Bacterial pathway: CA00907 -> CA01194), similar to CB000097: CA00916 -> CA00919 (proposed reaction: CA01194 -> CA00920)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: LyeJ, C0506 (CR00320: CA00043 -> CA01163) --> CrtD, C0507 (CR00126: CA01163 -> CA00907) --> LyeJ, C0506 (CR00323: CA00907 -> CA01194) --> unknown (CA01194 -> CA00920)




  ☀ CA00923 (Bacterioruberin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA01163 (Dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin) -> CA00907 (2-Isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorhodopin) -> CA01194 (Dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin) -> CA00916 (Bisanhydrobacterioruberin) -> CA00919 (Monoanhydrobacterioruberin) -> CA00923 (Bacterioruberin)

   See: CB000097 (Bacterial pathway: CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043 -> CA01163 -> CA00907 -> CA01194 -> CA00916 -> CA00919 -> CA00923)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043) --> LyeJ, C0506 (CR00320: CA00043 -> CA01163) --> CrtD, C0507 (CR00126: CA01163 -> CA00907) --> LyeJ, C0506 (CR00323: CA00907 -> CA01194) --> CrtD, C0507 (CR00131: CA01194 -> CA00916) --> CruF, C0505 (CR00209: CA00916 -> CA00919) --> CruF, C0505 (CR00210: CA00919 -> CA00923)



Ref.621 : Ying Yang, Rie Yatsunami, Ai Ando, Nobuhiro Miyoko, Toshiaki Fukui, Shinichi Takaichi, Satoshi Nakamura, "Complete Biosynthetic Pathway of the C50 Carotenoid Bacterioruberin from Lycopene in the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula japonica", Journal of Bacteriology, May 2015 Volume 197 Number 9
Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.