Carotenoids obi
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                            (Alphaproteobacteria: phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00121 (3,4,3',4'-Tetradehydrorhodopin)
  2. CA00122 (3',4'-Dehydrorhodopin)
  3. CA00073 (Rhodopin)
  4. CA00129 (1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydroneurosporene)
  5. CA00078 (Didemethylspirilloxanthin)
  6. CA00082 (15Z-Spheroiden)
  7. CA00081 (Spheroidene)
  8. CA00084 (1,1'-Dihydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene)
  9. CA00088 (Dihydroxylycopene)
  10. CA00096 (Spirilloxanthin)
  11. CA00176 (Methoxyspheroidenone)
  12. CA00179 (2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin)
  13. CA00191 (γ-Carotene)
  14. CA00217 (1'-Hydroxytorulene)
  15. CA00202 (1'-Hydroxy-γ-carotene)
  16. CA00201 (3-Hydroxy-β-zeacarotene)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Bacterial type (Ref.640, Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000005 (Bacterial and fungal pathway: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00121 (3,4,3',4'-Tetradehydrorhodopin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00122 (3',4'-Dehydrorhodopin) -> CA00121 (3,4,3',4'-Tetradehydrorhodopin)

   See: CB000014 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073), similar to CB000020: CA00084 -> CA00078 (proposed reaction: CA00073 -> CA00122), CR00125 (CA00122 -> CA00121)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> unknown (CA00073 -> CA00122) --> unknown (CR00125: CA00122 -> CA00121)




  ☀ CA00122 (3',4'-Dehydrorhodopin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00122 (3',4'-Dehydrorhodopin)

   See: CB000014 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073), similar to CB000020: CA00084 -> CA00078 (proposed reaction: CA00073 -> CA00122)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> unknown (CA00073 -> CA00122)




  ☀ CA00129 (1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydroneurosporene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00129 (1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydroneurosporene)

   See: CB000014 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073), Proposed reaction (CA00073 -> CA00129)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> unknown (CA00073 -> CA00129)




  ☀ CA00082 (15Z-Spheroiden) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00070 (3,4-Dehydrorhodopin) -> CA00074 (Demethylspheroidene) -> CA00081 (Spheroidene) -> CA00082 (15Z-Spheroiden)

   See: CB000014 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073), CB000016 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00073 -> CA00070), Proposed reaction (CA00070 -> CA00074), CB000022 (Knwon path in Rhodobacter (purple non-sulfur bacterium): CA00074 -> CA00081), Proposed reaction (CA00081 -> CA00082)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> CrtD (CR00120: CA00073 -> CA00070) --> unknown (CA00070 -> CA00074) --> CrtF (CR00328: CA00074 -> CA00081) --> unknown (CA00081 -> CA00082)




  ☀ CA00088 (Dihydroxylycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00088 (Dihydroxylycopene)

   See: CB000019 (Knwon path in Rubrivivax (purple non-sulfur bacterium): CA00043 -> CA00073 -> CA00088)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> unknown (CR00346: CA00073 -> CA00088)




  ☀ CA00096 (Spirilloxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00084 (1,1'-Dihydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene) -> CA00078 (Didemethylspirilloxanthin) -> CA00096 (Spirilloxanthin)

   See: CB000020 (Knwon path in Rubrivivax (purple non-sulfur bacterium): CA00043 -> CA00073 -> CA00084 -> CA00078 -> CA00096)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> unknown (CR00353: CA00073 -> CA00084) --> unknown (CR00130: CA00084 -> CA00078) --> unknown (CR00335: CA00078 -> CA00096)




  ☀ CA00176 (Methoxyspheroidenone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00070 (3,4-Dehydrorhodopin) -> CA00074 (Demethylspheroidene) -> CA00081 (Spheroidene) -> CA00092 (Hydroxyspheroidene) -> CA00171 (Hydroxyspheroidenone) -> CA00176 (Methoxyspheroidenone)

   See: CB000014 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073), CB000016 (Knwon path in bacterium: CA00073 -> CA00070), Proposed reaction (CA00070 -> CA00074), CB000022 (Knwon path in Rhodobacter (purple non-sulfur bacterium): CA00074 -> CA00081), CB000049 (Knwon path in purple nonsulfur bacterium: CA00081 -> CA00092), CB000049 (Knwon path in purple nonsulfur bacterium: CA00092 -> CA00171), similar to CR00333: CA00123 -> CA00092 (proposed reaction: CA00171 -> CA00176)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> CrtD (CR00120: CA00073 -> CA00070) --> unknown (CA00070 -> CA00074) --> CrtF (CR00328: CA00074 -> CA00081) --> CrtC (CR00350: CA00081 -> CA00092) --> CrtA (CR00252: CA00092 -> CA00171) --> unknown (CA00171 -> CA00176)




  ☀ CA00179 (2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00073 (Rhodopin) -> CA00070 (3,4-Dehydrorhodopin) -> CA00124 (Anhydrorhodovibrin) -> CA00091 (Rhodovibrin) -> CA00090 (Monodemethyl spirilloxanthin) -> CA00096 (Spirilloxanthin) -> CA00174 (2-Ketospirilloxanthin) -> CA00179 (2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin)

   See: CB000047 (Knwon path in purple bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00073 -> CA00070 -> CA00124 -> CA00091 -> CA00090 -> CA00096 -> CA00174 -> CA00179)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtC (CR00229: CA00043 -> CA00073) --> CrtD (CR00120: CA00073 -> CA00070) --> CrtF (CR00326: CA00070 -> CA00124) --> CrtC (CR00352: CA00124 -> CA00091) --> CrtD (CR00121: CA00091 -> CA00090) --> CrtF (CR00327: CA00090 -> CA00096) --> CrtA (CR00250: CA00096 -> CA00174) --> CrtA (CR00253: CA00174 -> CA00179)




  ☀ CA00217 (1'-Hydroxytorulene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00202 (1'-Hydroxy-γ-carotene) -> CA00217 (1'-Hydroxytorulene)

   See: CB000024 (Knwon path in purple bacterium: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00202 -> CA00217)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtC (CR00344: CA00191 -> CA00202) --> unknown (CR00113: CA00202 -> CA00217)




  ☀ CA00201 (3-Hydroxy-β-zeacarotene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00194 (β-Zeacarotene) -> CA00201 (3-Hydroxy-β-zeacarotene)

   See: CB000121 (Knwon path in Flavobacterium: CA00047 -> CA00194 -> CA00201)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY, CrtL-b (CR00368: CA00047 -> CA00194) --> unknown (CA00194 -> CA00201)



Ref.640 : Chia-wei Wang and James C. Liao, THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 276, No. 44, Issue of November 2, pp. 41161–41164, 2001,"Alteration of Product Specificity of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Phytoene Desaturase by Directed Evolution"
Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.