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Entry
CA00322                                                            
Classification
Carotenoid Name
β-Cryptoxanthin;
beta-Cryptoxanthin
IUPAC name (3R)-beta,beta-Caroten-3-ol
Formula
C40H56O
Molecular Weight 
552.848 g/mol
Structure      Search similar carotenoids

Mol file
Carotenoid DB Fingerprints 
Biological functions/Properties 
  • Provitamin A activity - 30-50% of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.408, Ref.415, Ref.467).
  • Anticarcinogenic activity - stronger than β-carotene, β-caroten-2-ol, and Isocryptoxanthin. C3 group one the β-end group enhanced the activity (Ref.409, Ref.414, Ref.491).
  • An antioxidant - 68.6 times stronger singlet oxygen quenching ability than that ofα-tocopherol - SOAC value: 68.6 (Ref.616, Ref.597, Ref.598, Ref.599, Ref.415).
  • Anti-obesity effects (Ref.416).
  • Stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage (Ref.419).
  • Found in human skin throughout the epidermis, dermis, and also the subcutaneous (Ref.753).
  • Yellow food coloring (Ref.468).
    • Number of
    conjugated double bonds 
    11
    Number of
    conjugated multiple bonds 
    11
    Isomers 
    InChI

    InChIKey

    Canonical SMILES

    XLogP
    12.649
    Hydrogen Bond donors
    (Lipinski's definition)
    1
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
    (Lipinski's definition)
    1
    LipinskiFailures
    1
    Complexity of molecule
    0.309
    Number of heavy atoms
    41
    TPSA
    (Topological Polar Surface Area) 
    20.230 Å2
    Reaction
  • Substrate: CR00043,  CR00051,  CR00053,  CR00074,  CR00076,  CR00190,  CR00235,  CR00236,  CR00255,  CR00312,  CR00313,  CR00314
  • Product: CR00192
    • Pathway
  • Pathway: CB000028,  CB000029,  CB000030,  CB000040,  CB000057,  CB000058,  CB000059,  CB000069,  CB000071,  CB000103,  CB000104,  CB000080,  CB000081,  CB000082,  CB000083,  CB000084,  CB000121
    • Major carotenoid information
    Dominant pigment in glaucocystophytes (Ref.707). Major carotenoid found in human milk (Ref.722). Major in a variety of fruits: acerola, apricot (Ref.714), Brazilian Valencia orange juice. (Ref.711), and Japanese citrus ponkan mandarin (Ref.723). Also major in a variety vegitables: broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, corn, and kale (Ref.714).
    Minor carotenoid information
    Minor pigment in some cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes (Ref.707).
    Source organisms
    Thermus thermophilus (Ref.435) - Deinococcus-Thermus: Thermophilic bacterium (Deinococci - Thermaceae)
    Erythrobacter longus (Ref.364) - Alphaproteobacteria: marine anoxygenic phototroph with BChl a (Alphaproteobacteria - Erythrobacteraceae)
    Prochloron sp. (Ref.274) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Prochloraceae)
    Acaryochloris marina strain MBIC 11017 (Ref.274) - Cyanobacteria: symbiotic species Unicellular Cyanobacterium, an epiphyte on red alga (Cyanobacteria - Acaryochloridaceae)
    Merismopedia punctata (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria: colony square or rectangular (Cyanobacteria - Merismopediaceae)
    Anacystis nidulans (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria: other name is Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Cyanobacteria - Synechococcaceae)
    Synechococcus leopoliensis (Ref.8) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Synechococcaceae)
    Arthrospira sp. (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Microcoleaceae)
    Oscillantoria rubescens (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria: other name is Planktothrix rubescens (Cyanobacteria - Microcoleaceae)
    Oscillatoria agardhii (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria: other name is Planktothrix agardhii (Cyanobacteria - Microcoleaceae)
    Planktothrix agardhii (Ref.8) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Microcoleaceae)
    Microcystis aeruginosa (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Microcystaceae)
    Oscillatoria amoena (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Oscillatoriaceae)
    Oscillatoria limosa (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Oscillatoriaceae)
    Phormidium foveolarum (Ref.1) - Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria - Oscillatoriaceae)
    Porphyra perforata (Ref.10) - Red alga: Bangiaceae (Rhodophyta - Bangiaceae)
    Chondracanthus squarrulosus (Ref.10) - Red alga: Gigartinales (Rhodophyta - Gigartinaceae)
    Eucheuma uncinatum (Ref.10) - Red alga: Gigartinales (Rhodophyta - Solieriaceae)
    Antithamnion plumula (Ref.11) - Red alga: Ceramiales (Rhodophyta - Ceramiaceae)
    Centroceras clavulatum (Ref.10) - Red alga: Ceramiales (Rhodophyta - Ceramiaceae)
    Polysiphonia brodiae (Ref.9) - Red alga: Ceramiales (Rhodophyta - Rhodomelaceae)
    Osmundea spectabilis (Ref.10) - Red alga: Ceramiales (Rhodophyta - Rhodomelaceae)
    Bossiella orbignyana (Ref.10) - Red alga: Corallinales (Rhodophyta - Corallinaceae)
    Corallina officinalis (Ref.10) - Red alga: Corallinales (Rhodophyta - Corallinaceae)
    Corallina vancouverensis (Ref.10) - Red alga: Corallinales (Rhodophyta - Corallinaceae)
    Jania tenella (Ref.10) - Red alga: Corallinales (Rhodophyta - Corallinaceae)
    Calliarthron tuberculosum (Ref.10) - Red alga: Corallinales (Rhodophyta - Corallinaceae)
    Gelidium pusillum (Ref.10) - Red alga: Gelidiales (Rhodophyta - Gigartinales)
    Gracilaria gracilis (Ref.10) - Red alga: Gigartinales (Rhodophyta - Gracilariaceae)
    Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Ref.10) - Red alga: Gigartinales (Rhodophyta - Gracilariaceae)
    Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Ref.12, Ref.13, Ref.14) - Green alga: Chlamydomonadales, unicellular green alga (Chlorophyta - Chlamydomonadaceae)
    Euglena rubida mainx (Ref.42) - Alga: Euglena (Euglenida - Euglenaceae)
    Euglena gracilis var. bacillarus (Ref.41) - Alga: Euglena (Euglenida - Euglenaceae)
    Euglena gracilis (Ref.37, Ref.38) - Alga: Euglena (Euglenida - Euglenaceae)
    Hymenomonas carterae (Ref.31) - Alga: Haptophyte ((Haptophyceae) - Hymenomonadaceae)
    Capsicum annuum var. lycopersiciforme flavum (Ref.283) - Land plant: yellow paprika (Streptophyta - Solanaceae)
    Lycium barbarum (Ref.692) - Land plant: goji berry, wolfberry, Duke of Argyll's teatree, Lycium barbarum L. (Streptophyta - Solanaceae)
    Passiflora edulis (Ref.129, Ref.693) - Land plant: yellow passion fruit (Streptophyta - Passifloraceae)
    Averrhoa carambola (Ref.281) - Land plant: starfruit (Streptophyta - Oxalidaceae)
    Diospyros kaki (Ref.282) - Land plant: kaki persimmon (Streptophyta - Ebenaceae)
    Carica papaya (Ref.566) - Land plant: papaya (Streptophyta - Caricaceae)
    Bixa orellana (Ref.764) - Land plant: Bixaceae (Streptophyta - Bixaceae)
    Mangifera indica (Ref.284) - Land plant: mango (Streptophyta - Anacardiaceae)
    Citrus unshiu (Ref.776) - Land plant: mandarin orange (Streptophyta - Rutaceae)
    Citrus reticulata (Ref.292) - Land plant: mandarin orange, tangerine (Streptophyta - Rutaceae)
    Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Ref.373) - Land plant: orange (Streptophyta - Rutaceae)
    Protousnea sp. (Ref.388) - Fungi: lichen (Ascomycota - Lecanorineae)
    Cladonia sp. (Ref.609) - Fungi: lichen, ascomycetes (Ascomycota - Cladoniaceae)
    Galleria mellonella (Ref.558) - Insect: greater wax moth (Arthropoda (Insecta) - Pyralidae)
    Clione limacina (Ref.635) - gastropods (Mollusca - Clionidae)
    Paedoclione doliiformis (Ref.635) - gastropods (Mollusca - Clionidae)
    Limacina helicina (Ref.635) - gastropods (Mollusca - Limacinidae)
    Gymnogobius castaneus (Ref.772) - Bony fish: Rosary goby, small goby（4～6 cm body length）that inhabits the middle stretches of rivers, lakes, and lagoons in North Eastern Japan. Its tail fin is bright orange in color. (Chordata - Gobiidae)
    Rhacophorus bipunctatus (Ref.421) - Himalaya flying frog (Chordata - Rhacophoridae)
    Gallus gallus (Ref.219) - Bird: chicken (Chordata - Phasianidae)
    References
  • Ref.435: Yokoyama A, Shizuri Y, Hoshino T, Sandmann G., Arch Microbiol. 1996 May 22;165(5):342-5., "Thermocryptoxanthins: novel intermediates in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of Thermus thermophilus".
  • Ref.1: S. Hertzberg, S. Liaaen-Jensen, and H. W. Siegelman, Phytochemistry, 1971, Vol. 10, pp. 3121 - 3127 "The carotenois of blue-green algae".
  • Ref.8: L. Schlueter, T. L. Lauridsen, G. Krogh, and Joergensen, Freshwater Biology, 2006, 51, 1474-1485 " Identification and quantification of phytoplankton groups in lakes using new pigment ratios – a comparison between pigment analysis by HPLC and microscopy".
  • Ref.10: N. Schubert, E. Garcia-Mendoza, and I. Pachecho-Ruiz, J. Phycol. 42, 1208-1216 (2006) "Carotenoid composition of marine red algae".
  • Ref.11: T. Bjornland, G. Borch, and S. Liaaen-Jensen, Phytochemistry, Vol. 23, No 8, pp.1711-1715, 1984. "Configurational studies on red algae carotenoids".
  • Ref.9: T. Bjoernland and M. Aguilar-Martinez, Phytochemistry, 1976, Vol.15 pp.291-296, "Carotenoids in red algae".
  • Ref.12: N.I. Krinsky and R. P. Levine, Plant Physiol. Jul 1964; 39(4): 680–687. "Carotenoids of Wild Type and Mutant Strains of the Green Alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardi".
  • Ref.13: PMID: 1190948: Francis GW, Strand LP, Lien T, Knutsen G., Arch Microbiol. 1975 Aug 28;104(3):249-54. "Variations in the Carotenoid Content of Chlamydomonas reinhardii throughout the Cell cycle".
  • Ref.14: S. Tkaichi, and M. Mimuro, Plant Cell Physiol. 39(9): 968-977 (1998) "Distribution and Geometric Isomerism of Neoxanthin in Oxygenic Phototrophs: 9'-Cis, a Sole Molecular Form".
  • Ref.31: R. Berger, and S. Liaaen-Jensen, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1977, Vol. 5, pp.71-75 "Carotenoids of Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae)* ".
  • Ref.37: N. I. Krinsky, and T. H. Goldsmith, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 91, 271-279 (1960), "The Carotenoids of the Flagellated Alga, Euglena gracilis".
  • Ref.38: D. V. Heelis, W. Kernick, G. O. Philips, and K. Davies, Arch. Microbiol. 121, 207-211 (1979), "Separation and Identification of the Carotenoid Pigments of Stigmata Isolated from Light Grown Cells of Euglena gracilis Strain Z".
  • Ref.41: N. I. Krinsky, A. Gordon, and A. I. Stern, Plant Physiol 39: 441-445 1964, "The appearance of Neoxanthin during the Regreenin g of Dark-grown Euglena".
  • Ref.42: B.Czeczuga, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1974, Vol. 48B, pp. 349-354, "Carotenoids in Euglena rubida mainx".
  • Ref.219: Brulc, Lucka; Simonovska, Breda; Vovk, Irena; Glavnik, Vesna, Journal of Chromatography A (2013), 1318, 134-141. "Determination of egg yolk xanthophylls by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography".
  • Ref.274: Shinichi Takaichi, Mari Mochimaru, Hiroko Uchida, Akio Murakami, Euichi Hirose, Takashi Maoka, Tohru Tsuchiya, and Mamoru Mimuro, Plant Cell Physiol. 53(11): 1881–1888 (2012) doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs126, "Opposite Chilarity of a-Carotene in Unusual Cyanobacteria with Unique Chlorophylls, Acaryochloris and Prochlorococcus".
  • Ref.281: Jeana Gross, Raphael Ikan, Gert Eckhardt, Phytochemistry, Volume 22, Issue 6, 1983, Pages 1479-1481, "Carotenoids of the fruit of Averrhoa carambola".
  • Ref.282: A. L. Curl, Volume 25, Issue 5, Article first published online: 25 AUG 2006, "The Carotenoids of Jappanese persimmons".
  • Ref.283: Zoltan Matus, Jozsef Deli, Jozsef Szabolcs, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39 (11), pp 1907–1914, "Carotenoid composition of yellow pepper during ripening: isolation of .beta.-cryptoxanthin 5,6-epoxide".
  • Ref.284: Adriana Z. Mercadante ,Délia B. Rodriguez-Amaya, George Britton, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45 (1), pp 120–123, "HPLC and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Carotenoids from Mango".
  • Ref.776: T. Tanaka et al., J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:516981., “Cancer Chemoprevention by Citrus Pulp and Juices Containing High Amounts of β-Cryptoxanthin and Hesperidin”, PMID: 22174562, doi: 10.1155/2012/516981.
  • Ref.292: Thomas Wingerath ,Wilhelm Stahl ,Dieter Kirsch, Raimund Kaufmann, and Helmut Sies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44 (8), pp 2006–2013, DOI: 10.1021/jf960057y, "Fruit Juice Carotenol Fatty Acid Esters and Carotenoids As Identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry".
  • Ref.373: Kudritskaya, S. E.; Fishman, G. M.; Zagorodskaya, L. M., Subtropicheskie Kul'tury (1977), (5-6), 154-8., "Identification of orange peel (Citrus sinensis Osb.) carotenoids".
  • Ref.566: U Gamage Chandrika, Errol R Jansz, SMD Nalinie Wickramasinghe and Narada D Warnasuriya, J Sci Food Agric 83:1279–1282 (online: 2003), DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1533, "Carotenoids in yellow- and red-fleshed papaya (Carica papaya L)".
  • Ref.364: S. Takaichi, K. Shimada, and J. Ishidsu, Arch Microbiol.(1990) 153:118-122, "Carotenoids from the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter longus: β-Carotene and its hydroxyl derivatives".
  • Ref.388: B. Czeczuga, E. Czeczuga-Semeniuk, S. Calvelo, and S. Liberatore, Journal of Botanical Taxonomy and Geobotany, Volume 116, Issue 3-4, pages 195–200, August 2005, "Carotenoids in representatives of the Protousnea (Parmeliaceae), endemic genus from South America".
  • Ref.421: Pinky Baruah and Goswami UC., Journal of Research in Biology, pp.114-118, 2012, Vol.2, No.2, "Characterization of carotenoid pigments in amphibian, Rhacophorous bipunctatus".
  • Ref.558: Vitus Oberhausera, Olaf Voolstraa, Annette Bangerta, Johannes von Lintigb, and Klaus Vogt, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 2;105(48):19000-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807805105. Epub 2008 Nov 19., "NinaB combines carotenoid oxygenase and retinoid isomerase activity in a single polypeptide.".
  • Ref.609: Prof. Dr. B. Czeczuga and Doz. Dr. R. Doll, Journal of Botanical Taxonomy and Geobatany, Volume 102, Issue 5-6, pages 431–436, 1991, DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19911020518, "The carotenoid content of lichens of the Cladonia genus from Mecklenburg".
  • Ref.635: Takashi Maoka, Takashi Kuwahara, and Masanao Narita, Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 1460-1470, "Carotenoids of Sea Angels Clione limacina and Paedoclione doliiformis from the Perspective of the Food Chain", doi:10.3390/md12031460.
  • Ref.692: Olivier Potterat, Planta Med 2010; 76: 7–19, "Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Safety in the Perspective of Traditional Uses and Recent Popularity", DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1186218 .
  • Ref.129: Sandra Regina da SILVA, Adriana Z. MERCADANTE, Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment., Campinas (Campinas, Brazil) (2002), 22(3), 254-258., "Carotenoid composition of fresh yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa)".
  • Ref.693: M. Yano et al., Food Science and Technology Research, 11(1), pp.13-18, 2005, "Quantitation of Carotenoids in Raw and Processed Fruits in Japan", DOI: https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.11.13.
  • Ref.764: A. Z. MERCADANTE, A. STECK, D. RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA,t H. PFANDER and G. BRITTON, Phytochemistry, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1201 1203, 1996, “ISOLATION OF METHYL 9'Z-APO-6'-LYCOPENOATE FROM BIXA ORELLANA”.
  • Ref.772: Takashi Maoka, J. Oleo Sci. 67, (10) 1259-1263 (2018), “New Acetylenic Carotenoid 6’-Epimonadoxanthin from the Rosary Goby Gymnogobius castaneus”, doi: 10.5650/jos.ess18153.
  • Ref.408: Jonathan R Mein, Fuzhi Lian, Xiang-Dong Wang, Nutr Rev. 2008 Dec;66(12):667-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00120.x., PMID: 19019036, "Biological activity of lycopene metabolites: implications for cancer prevention".
  • Ref.415: Takuji Tanaka, Masahito Shnimizu, and Hisataka Moriwaki, Molecules 2012, 17, 3202-3242; doi:10.3390/molecules17033202, "Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids".
  • Ref.467: Abdulkerim Eroglu and Earl H. Harrison, Journal of Lipid Research Volume 54, 2013, "Carotenoid metabolism in mammals, including man: formation, occurrence, and function of apocarotenoids".
  • Ref.409: Hoyoku Nishino, Michiaki Murakoshi, Harukuni Tokuda, Yoshiko Satomi, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Volume 483, Issue 2, 15 March 2009, Pages 165–168, "Cancer prevention by carotenoids".
  • Ref.414: Nishino H, Murakosh M, Ii T, Takemura M, Kuchide M, Kanazawa M, Mou XY, Wada S, Masuda M, Ohsaka Y, Yogosawa S, Satomi Y, Jinno K., Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2002;21(3-4):257-64., "Carotenoids in cancer chemoprevention.".
  • Ref.491: Tsushima M, Maoka T, Katsuyama M, Kozuka M, Matsuno T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Iwashima A., Biol Pharm Bull. 1995 Feb;18(2):227-33., PMID: 7742789, "Inhibitory effect of natural carotenoids on Epstein-Barr virus activation activity of a tumor promoter in Raji cells. A screening study for anti-tumor promoters.".
  • Ref.616: Takahashi S., Iwasaki-Kino Y., and Terao J., and Mukai K., FOOD COMPOSITION AND ADDITIVES, Journal of AOAC International Vol. 99, no.1, 2016 pp.193-197, "Development of Singlet Oxygen Absorption Capacity (SOAC) Assay Method Using a Microplate Reader".
  • Ref.597: Kazuo MUKAI, Aya OUCHI, Oleoscience, Vol. 13 (2013) No. 8 p. 371-378, "Antioxidant Activity of Foods Development of Singlet Oxygen Absorption Capacity (SOAC) Assay Method".
  • Ref.598: Ouchi, A., Aizawa, K., Iwasaki, Y., Inakuma, T., Terao, J., Nagaoka, S., Mukai, K., 2010. Kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen by carotenoids and food extracts in solution. Development of a singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assay method. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 9967–78. doi:10.1021/jf101947a.
  • Ref.599: Aizawa, K., Iwasaki, Y., Ouchi, A., Inakuma, T., Nagaoka, S., Terao, J., Mukai, K., 2011. Development of singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assay method. 2. Measurements of the SOAC values for carotenoids and food extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 3717–29. doi:10.1021/jf104955a .
  • Ref.416: Takayanagi K, Morimoto S, Shirakura Y, Mukai K, Sugiyama T, Tokuji Y, Ohnishi M., J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Dec 14;59(23):12342-51. doi: 10.1021/jf202821u. Epub 2011 Nov 15., "Mechanism of visceral fat reduction in Tsumura Suzuki obese, diabetes (TSOD) mice orally administered β-cryptoxanthin from Satsuma mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marc).".
  • Ref.419: Yolanda Lorenzo, Amaia Azqueta, Luisa Luna, Félix Bonilla, Gemma Domínguez and Andrew R. Collins, Carcinogenesis vol.30 no.2 pp.308–314, 2009, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn270, "The carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage in addition to acting as an antioxidant in human cells".
  • Ref.753: Obana A, Gohto Y, Gellermann W, Ermakov IV, Sasano H, Seto T, Bernstein PS. Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 27;9(1):9318. “Skin Carotenoid index in a large Japanese population sample”, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45751-6.
  • Ref.468: Gerard P. Moss, Herbert Baxter, J.B. Harborne, Gerald P. Moss, CRC Press; 1 edition (February 15, 1993), ISBN-10: 0850667364, ISBN-13: 978-0850667363, "Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants".
  • Ref.707: Suzanne Roy et al., Phytoplankton Pigments Characterization, Chemotaxonomy and Applications in Oceanography, October 2011, Cambridge University Press, pp 665-674, "Part VII - Data sheets aiding identification of phytoplankton carotenoids and chlorophylls", available at http://www.cambridge.org/gb/files/2013/6697/5826/Data_sheets_part_3_Xanthophylls.pdf, ISBN: 9781107000667.
  • Ref.722: J. G. Jackson et al. (1998), The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 9(1), “Major Carotenoids in Mature human Milk: Longitudinal and Diurnal Patterns”, DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00132-0.
  • Ref.714: R. K. Saini, S. H. Nile, S. W. Park, Food Research International 76 (2015) 735–750, "Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities".
  • Ref.711: J.J.T.Gama, C.M.Sylos, Food Research International, Volume 38, Issues 8–9, October–November 2005, Pages 899-903, "Major carotenoid composition of Brazilian Valencia orange juice: Identification and quantification by HPLC", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.03.008.
  • Ref.723: S.D. Lin and .O. Chen (2007) Journal of Food Biochemistry 18(4):273 - 283 "Major carotenoids in juice of ponkan mandarin and liucheng orange", DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1994.tb00502.x.
    • CAS
    472-70-8
    Links to other DB
    KEGG COMPOUND: C08591
    KNApSAcK: C00000920
    LipidBank: VCA1013
    MassBank: CA000038
    ProCarDB: C1922

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