Carotenoids obi
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                            (Cyanobacteria: freshwater cyanobacteria)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00957 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl pentoside)
  2. CA00956 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl fucoside)
  3. CA00959 (Myxol 2'-methyl hexoside)
  4. CA00958 (Myxol 2'-hexoside)
  5. CA00960 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl hexoside)
  6. CA00847 (β-Apo-10'-carotenoic acid)
  7. CA00886 (Crocetindial)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Plant type (Ref.526, Ref.638, Ref.641, Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (CR00391: CA00044 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00044 (Prolycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044)




  ☀ CA00957 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl pentoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00228 (Myxol) -> CA00957 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl pentoside)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000026 (Knwon path in Anabaena (cyanobacterium): CA00191 -> CA00228), Proposed reaction (CA00228 -> CA00957)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00228) --> unknown (CA00228 -> CA00957)




  ☀ CA00956 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl fucoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA01057 ((2'S)-Deoxymyxol 2'-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucoside)) -> CA00956 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl fucoside)

   See: CB000052 (Knwon path in cyanobacterium: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA01057 -> CA00956)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CR00318: CA00191 -> CA01057) --> CrtR (CR00204: CA01057 -> CA00956)




  ☀ CA00959 (Myxol 2'-methyl hexoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00228 (Myxol) -> CA00959 (Myxol 2'-methyl hexoside)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000026 (Knwon path in Anabaena (cyanobacterium): CA00191 -> CA00228), Proposed reaction (CA00228 -> CA00959)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00228) --> unknown (CA00228 -> CA00959)




  ☀ CA00958 (Myxol 2'-hexoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00228 (Myxol) -> CA00958 (Myxol 2'-hexoside)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000026 (Knwon path in Anabaena (cyanobacterium): CA00191 -> CA00228), Proposed reaction (CA00228 -> CA00958)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00228) --> unknown (CA00228 -> CA00958)




  ☀ CA00960 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl hexoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00228 (Myxol) -> CA00960 (Myxol 2'-dimethyl hexoside)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000026 (Knwon path in Anabaena (cyanobacterium): CA00191 -> CA00228), Proposed reaction (CA00228 -> CA00960)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00228) --> unknown (CA00228 -> CA00960)




  ☀ CA00847 (β-Apo-10'-carotenoic acid) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00811 (β-Apo-10'-carotenal) -> CA00847 (β-Apo-10'-carotenoic acid)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000090 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00811), CR00214 (CA00811 -> CA00847)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CCD7/MAX3 (CR00021: CA00309 -> CA00811) --> CarD (CR00214: CA00811 -> CA00847)




  ☀ CA00886 (Crocetindial) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00886 (Crocetindial)

   See: CB000083 (Knwon path in land plants: CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00886)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZCD, CCD2 (CR00056: CA00328 -> CA00886)



Ref.526 : Takaichi S., Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1101-1118; "Carotenoids in Algae: Distributions, Biosyntheses and Functions", doi:10.3390/md9061101
Ref.638 : Chengwei Liang, Fangqing Zhao, Wei Wei, Zhangxiao Wen, Song Qin, International Journal of Biological Sciences "Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria: Structural and Evolutionary Scenarios Based on Comparative Genomics", ISSN 1449-2288 www.biolsci.org 2006 2(4):197-2070
Ref.641 : Breitenbach J1, Fernández-González B, Vioque A, Sandmann G., Plant Mol Biol. 1998 Mar;36(5):725-32., "A higher-plant type zeta-carotene desaturase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803."
Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.