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CA00191  γ-Carotene    Provitamin A.    CA00190  Torulene    Provitamin A activity - 50% of that of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.468).    CA00194  β-Zeacarotene    Provitamin A (Ref.463).    CA00299  α-Zeacarotene    Provitamin A (Ref.463).    CA00309  β-Carotene    Provitamin A (Ref.408, Ref.410).    CA00311  (9Z)-β-Carotene    Provitamin A activity - 10% of that of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.465, Ref.467).    CA00312  (13Z)-β-Carotene    Provitamin A activity - 10% of that of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.465, Ref.467).    CA00322  β-Cryptoxanthin    Provitamin A activity - 30-50% of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.408, Ref.415, Ref.467).    CA00396  β-Carotene 5,6-epoxide    Provitamin A (Ref.566).    CA00587  α-Carotene    Provitamin A activity - 30-50% of all-trans-β-carotene (Ref.408, Ref.467).    CA00760  Sapotexanthin    Provitamin A (Ref.170). Ref.468 : Gerard P. Moss, Herbert Baxter, J.B. Harborne, Gerald P. Moss, CRC Press; 1 edition (February 15, 1993), ISBN-10: 0850667364, ISBN-13: 978-0850667363, "Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants". Ref.463 : E.N. Petzold, F.W. Quackenbush, Marilyn McQuistan, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Volume 82, Issue 1, May 1959, Pages 117-124, "Zeacarotenes, new provitamins A from corn". Ref.408 : Jonathan R Mein, Fuzhi Lian, Xiang-Dong Wang, Nutr Rev. 2008 Dec;66(12):667-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00120.x., PMID: 19019036, "Biological activity of lycopene metabolites: implications for cancer prevention". Ref.410 : Carlos Vílchez, Eduardo Forján, María Cuaresma, Francisco Bédmar, Inés Garbayo, and José M. Vega, Mar. Drugs 2011, 9(3), 319-333; doi:10.3390/md9030319, "Marine Carotenoids: Biological Functions and Commercial Applications". Ref.465 : AKIHIKO NAGAO, AND JAMES ALLEN OLSON, FASEB J. 1994 Sep;8(12):968-73., PMID: 8088462, "Enzymatic formation of 9-cis, 13-cis, and all-trans retinals from isomers of beta-carotene.". Ref.467 : Abdulkerim Eroglu and Earl H. Harrison, Journal of Lipid Research Volume 54, 2013, "Carotenoid metabolism in mammals, including man: formation, occurrence, and function of apocarotenoids". Ref.415 : Takuji Tanaka, Masahito Shnimizu, and Hisataka Moriwaki, Molecules 2012, 17, 3202-3242; doi:10.3390/molecules17033202, "Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids". Ref.566 : U Gamage Chandrika, Errol R Jansz, SMD Nalinie Wickramasinghe and Narada D Warnasuriya, J Sci Food Agric 83:1279–1282 (online: 2003), DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1533, "Carotenoids in yellow- and red-fleshed papaya (Carica papaya L)". Ref.170 : Murillo E, McLean R, Britton G, Agócs A, Nagy V, Deli J., J Nat Prod. 2011 Feb 25;74(2):283-5. doi: 10.1021/np1006982. Epub 2011 Jan 7., "Sapotexanthin, an A-provitamin carotenoid from red mamey (Pouteria sapota).".

Since June 15, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.