Carotenoids obi
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                            (Land plant: starfruit)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00057 (Phytofluene)
  2. CA00051 (ζ-Carotene)
  3. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  4. CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin)
  5. CA00401 (Cryptoflavin)
  6. CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin)
  7. CA00412 (Cryptochrome)
  8. CA00597 (Lutein)
  9. CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Plant type (Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (CR00391: CA00044 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00057 (Phytofluene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00057 (Phytofluene)

   See: CR00398 (CA00060 -> CA00057)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: unknown (CR00398: CA00060 -> CA00057)




  ☀ CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene)

   See: CB000145 (CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051)




  ☀ CA00401 (Cryptoflavin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00400 (Cryptoxanthin 5,6-epoxide) -> CA00401 (Cryptoflavin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), Proposed reaction (CA00322 -> CA00400), Proposed reaction (CA00400 -> CA00401)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> unknown (CA00322 -> CA00400) --> unknown (CA00400 -> CA00401)




  ☀ CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407), CR00161 (CA00407 -> CA00410)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> unknown (CR00161: CA00407 -> CA00410)




  ☀ CA00412 (Cryptochrome) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00396 (β-Carotene 5,6-epoxide) -> CA00402 (β-Carotene diepoxide) -> CA00403 (Luteochrome) -> CA00438 (Cryptoxanthin 5,6,5',8'-diepoxide) -> CA00412 (Cryptochrome)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CR00157 (CA00309 -> CA00396), Proposed reaction (CA00396 -> CA00402), Proposed reaction (CA00402 -> CA00403), similar to CB000028: CA00309 -> CA00322 (proposed reaction: CA00403 -> CA00438), similar to CR00162: CA00396 -> CA00397 (proposed reaction: CA00438 -> CA00412)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> unknown (CR00157: CA00309 -> CA00396) --> unknown (CA00396 -> CA00402) --> unknown (CA00402 -> CA00403) --> unknown (CA00403 -> CA00438) --> unknown (CA00438 -> CA00412)




  ☀ CA00597 (Lutein) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00597 (Lutein)

   See: CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298 -> CA00587 -> CA00592 -> CA00597)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (CR00197: CA00592 -> CA00597)




  ☀ CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal)

   See: CB000123 (Knwon path in rats: CA00309 -> CA00825)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CCD (CR00057: CA00309 -> CA00825)



Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.