Carotenoids obi
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                            (Fungi: red yeast)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00197 (all-trans-Celaxanthin)
  2. CA00207 ((3R,4R)-4-Hydroxyrubixanthin)
  3. CA00279 (3-Hydroxy-4-ketotorulene)
  4. CA00257 (3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene)
  5. CA00203 ((3R)-3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene)
  6. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  7. CA00462 (Echinenone)
  8. CA00478 ((3R)-3-Hydroxyechinenone)
  9. CA00488 ((3R)-Adonirubin)
  10. CA00502 ((3S,3'S)-Astaxanthin)
  11. CA00500 ((3R,3'R)-Astaxanthin)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Bacterial type (Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000005 (Bacterial and fungal pathway: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00197 (all-trans-Celaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00190 (Torulene) -> CA00197 (all-trans-Celaxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000144 (CA00191 -> CA00190), Proposed reaction (CA00190 -> CA00197)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtI (CR00114: CA00191 -> CA00190) --> unknown (CA00190 -> CA00197)




  ☀ CA00207 ((3R,4R)-4-Hydroxyrubixanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00256 (4-Keto-γ-carotene) -> CA00203 ((3R)-3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene) -> CA00207 ((3R,4R)-4-Hydroxyrubixanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000138 (Knwon path in Myxococcus (bacterium): CA00191 -> CA00256), Proposed reaction (CA00256 -> CA00203), Proposed reaction (CA00203 -> CA00207)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00256) --> unknown (CA00256 -> CA00203) --> unknown (CA00203 -> CA00207)




  ☀ CA00279 (3-Hydroxy-4-ketotorulene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00256 (4-Keto-γ-carotene) -> CA00255 (4-Ketotorulene) -> CA00279 (3-Hydroxy-4-ketotorulene)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000138 (Knwon path in Myxococcus (bacterium): CA00191 -> CA00256), CB000138 (Knwon path in Myxococcus (bacterium): CA00256 -> CA00255), Proposed reaction (CA00255 -> CA00279)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00256) --> unknown (CA00256 -> CA00255) --> unknown (CA00255 -> CA00279)




  ☀ CA00257 (3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00256 (4-Keto-γ-carotene) -> CA00257 (3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000138 (Knwon path in Myxococcus (bacterium): CA00191 -> CA00256), Proposed reaction (CA00256 -> CA00257)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00256) --> unknown (CA00256 -> CA00257)




  ☀ CA00203 ((3R)-3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00256 (4-Keto-γ-carotene) -> CA00203 ((3R)-3-Hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000138 (Knwon path in Myxococcus (bacterium): CA00191 -> CA00256), Proposed reaction (CA00256 -> CA00203)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CA00191 -> CA00256) --> unknown (CA00256 -> CA00203)




  ☀ CA00462 (Echinenone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone)

   See: CB000062 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00462)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462)




  ☀ CA00478 ((3R)-3-Hydroxyechinenone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00478 ((3R)-3-Hydroxyechinenone)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00309 -> CA00462), Proposed reaction (CA00462 -> CA00478)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> unknown (CA00462 -> CA00478)




  ☀ CA00488 ((3R)-Adonirubin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00471 (Canthaxanthin) -> CA00488 ((3R)-Adonirubin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00309 -> CA00462), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00462 -> CA00471), similar to CB000028: CA00309 -> CA00322 (proposed reaction: CA00471 -> CA00488)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00241: CA00462 -> CA00471) --> unknown (CA00471 -> CA00488)




  ☀ CA00502 ((3S,3'S)-Astaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00471 (Canthaxanthin) -> CA00487 (Adonirubin) -> CA00502 ((3S,3'S)-Astaxanthin)

   See: CB000056 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00462 -> CA00471 -> CA00487 -> CA00502)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00241: CA00462 -> CA00471) --> CrtZ (CR00185: CA00471 -> CA00487) --> CrtZ (CR00187: CA00487 -> CA00502)




  ☀ CA00500 ((3R,3'R)-Astaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00471 (Canthaxanthin) -> CA00488 ((3R)-Adonirubin) -> CA00500 ((3R,3'R)-Astaxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00309 -> CA00462), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00462 -> CA00471), similar to CB000028: CA00309 -> CA00322 (proposed reaction: CA00471 -> CA00488), Proposed reaction (CA00488 -> CA00500)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00241: CA00462 -> CA00471) --> unknown (CA00471 -> CA00488) --> unknown (CA00488 -> CA00500)



Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.