Carotenoids obi
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                            (Red alga: Bangiaceae, Asakusa-nori, same as Pyropia tenera)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00803 (β-Ionone)
  2. CA01189 (3-Hydroxy-β-homocyclocitral)
  3. CA01188 (β-Homocyclocitral)
  4. CA01063 ((3S)-3-Hydroxycyclocitral)
  5. CA01065 (Safranal)
  6. CA00864 (α-Ionone)
  7. CA01187 (α-cyclocitral)
  8. CA01184 (2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanone)
  9. CA01185 (4-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylcyclohexanone)
  10. CA01183 (2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione)
  11. CA01186 (4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one)
  12. CA01182 (2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: CA01184 (2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanone), CA01185 (4-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylcyclohexanone), CA01183 (2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione), CA01186 (4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one), CA01182 (2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone)
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Plant type (Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (CR00391: CA00044 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00803 (β-Ionone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00311 ((9Z)-β-Carotene) -> CA00803 (β-Ionone)

   See: CB000086 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00311 -> CA00803)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: DWARF27 (CR00357: CA00309 -> CA00311) --> CCD7, MAX3, D17/HTD1, RMS5, DAD1, NCED7 (CR00082: CA00311 -> CA00803)




  ☀ CA01063 ((3S)-3-Hydroxycyclocitral) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA01063 ((3S)-3-Hydroxycyclocitral)

   See: CB000084 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA01063)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZCD, CsZCD, CCD2 (CR00037: CA00328 -> CA01063)




  ☀ CA01065 (Safranal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA01063 ((3S)-3-Hydroxycyclocitral) -> CA01064 (Picrocrocin) -> CA01065 (Safranal)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000084 (Knwon path in general: CA00328 -> CA01063), CR00298 (CA01063 -> CA01064), CR00342 (CA01064 -> CA01065)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZCD, CsZCD, CCD2 (CR00037: CA00328 -> CA01063) --> unknown (CR00298: CA01063 -> CA01064) --> unknown (CR00342: CA01064 -> CA01065)




  ☀ CA00864 (α-Ionone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00864 (α-Ionone)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CR00095 (CA00298 -> CA00864)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> unknown (CR00095: CA00298 -> CA00864)




  ☀ CA01187 (α-cyclocitral) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA01187 (α-cyclocitral)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00298 -> CA00587), Proposed reaction (CA00587 -> CA01187)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> unknown (CA00587 -> CA01187)




  ☀ CA01189 (3-Hydroxy-β-homocyclocitral) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00311 ((9Z)-β-Carotene) -> CA00803 (β-Ionone) -> CA01188 (β-Homocyclocitral) -> CA01189 (3-Hydroxy-β-homocyclocitral)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000079 (Knwon path in Arabidopsis sp.: CA00309 -> CA00311), CB000086 (Knwon path in general: CA00311 -> CA00803), CB000136 (Algal pathway: CA00803 -> CA01188), Proposed reaction (CA01188 -> CA01189)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> DWARF27 (CR00357: CA00309 -> CA00311) --> CCD7, MAX3, D17/HTD1, RMS5, DAD1, NCED7 (CR00082: CA00311 -> CA00803) --> unknown (CA00803 -> CA01188) --> unknown (CA01188 -> CA01189)



Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.