Carotenoids obi
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  2. CA00396 (β-Carotene 5,6-epoxide)
  3. CA00404 (Diadinoxanthin)
  4. CA00407 (Antheraxanthin)
  5. CA00414 (Neoxanthin)
  6. CA00471 (Canthaxanthin)
  7. CA00513 (Fucoxanthinol)
  8. CA00519 (Fucoxanthin)
  9. CA00838 (Paracentrone)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Bacterial type (Ref.690)


  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000005 (Bacterial and fungal pathway: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00396 (β-Carotene 5,6-epoxide) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00396 (β-Carotene 5,6-epoxide)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CR00157 (CA00309 -> CA00396)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> unknown (CR00157: CA00309 -> CA00396)




  ☀ CA00404 (Diadinoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin) -> CA00404 (Diadinoxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00407 -> CA00416), CB000040 (Knwon path in general: CA00416 -> CA00414), CB000042 (Knwon path in Phaeodactylum: CA00414 -> CA00404)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414) --> unknown (CR00141: CA00414 -> CA00404)




  ☀ CA00414 (Neoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin)

   See: CB000081 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00407 -> CA00416 -> CA00414)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414)




  ☀ CA00471 (Canthaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00471 (Canthaxanthin)

   See: CB000056 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00462 -> CA00471)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00241: CA00462 -> CA00471)




  ☀ CA00513 (Fucoxanthinol) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin) -> CA00519 (Fucoxanthin) -> CA00513 (Fucoxanthinol)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00407 -> CA00416), CB000040 (Knwon path in general: CA00416 -> CA00414), CB000064 (Knwon path in Phaeodactylum (algae): CA00414 -> CA00519), CB000067 (Knwon path in tunicats and mammals (rats): CA00519 -> CA00513)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414) --> unknown (CR00291: CA00414 -> CA00519) --> unknown (CR00293: CA00519 -> CA00513)




  ☀ CA00838 (Paracentrone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin) -> CA00519 (Fucoxanthin) -> CA00513 (Fucoxanthinol) -> CA00838 (Paracentrone)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00407 -> CA00416), CB000040 (Knwon path in general: CA00416 -> CA00414), CB000064 (Knwon path in Phaeodactylum (algae): CA00414 -> CA00519), CB000067 (Knwon path in tunicats and mammals (rats): CA00519 -> CA00513), CB000143 (Knwon path in sea urchin: CA00513 -> CA00838)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414) --> unknown (CR00291: CA00414 -> CA00519) --> unknown (CR00293: CA00519 -> CA00513) --> unknown (CA00513 -> CA00838)




Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428

Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.