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CarotenoidsDB:
Arabidopsis thaliana
carotenoids (Eukaryote) reconstructed pathways in theory
(Land plant: thale-cress, a model organism)
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Click here to see the carotenoid profile of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:
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CA00309 (β-Carotene)
CA00811 (β-Apo-10'-carotenal)
CA01135 ((9Z,3S,5R,6S)-5,6-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al)
CA00848 (β-Apo-13-carotenone)
CA01134 (3-Hydroxy-α-Ionone)
CA01133 (C14 aldehyde)
CA01137 (C9-aldehyde)
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Pathway unconstructed carotenoids:
None
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Lycopene biosynthesis type:
Plant type (Ref.690)
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CA00043 (Lycopene)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00189
(Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate))
->
CA00060
(Phytoene)
->
CA00059
((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene)
->
CA00053
((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene)
->
CA00065
((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene)
->
CA00066
((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene)
->
CA00044
(Prolycopene)
->
CA00043
(Lycopene)
See:
CB000004
(Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (
CR00277
: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (
CR00015
: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (
CR00016
: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (
CR00390
: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (
CR00011
: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (
CR00012
: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (
CR00391
: CA00044 -> CA00043)
☀
CA01135 ((9Z,3S,5R,6S)-5,6-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00043
(Lycopene)
->
CA00191
(γ-Carotene)
->
CA00309
(β-Carotene)
->
CA00322
(β-Cryptoxanthin)
->
CA00328
(Zeaxanthin)
->
CA00407
(Antheraxanthin)
->
CA00416
(Violaxanthin)
->
CA00976
((9Z)-Violaxanthin)
->
CA01135
((9Z,3S,5R,6S)-5,6-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al)
See:
CB000007
(Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191),
CB000009
(Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309),
CB000028
(Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322),
CB000028
(Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328),
CB000038
(Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407),
CB000038
(Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00407 -> CA00416),
CR00358
(CA00416 -> CA00976),
CR00047
(CA00976 -> CA01135)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (
CR00374
: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (
CR00365
: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (
CR00192
: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (
CR00190
: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (
CR00158
: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (
CR00159
: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> unknown (
CR00358
: CA00416 -> CA00976) --> AtCCD1 (
CR00047
: CA00976 -> CA01135)
☀
CA00848 (β-Apo-13-carotenone)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00309
(β-Carotene)
->
CA00811
(β-Apo-10'-carotenal)
->
CA00848
(β-Apo-13-carotenone)
See:
CB000090
(Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00811 -> CA00848)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CCD7/MAX3 (
CR00021
: CA00309 -> CA00811) --> CCD8 (
CR00080
: CA00811 -> CA00848)
☀
CA01134 (3-Hydroxy-α-Ionone)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00043
(Lycopene)
->
CA00191
(γ-Carotene)
->
CA00587
(α-Carotene)
->
CA00592
(Zeinoxanthin)
->
CA00597
(Lutein)
->
CA01134
(3-Hydroxy-α-Ionone)
See:
CB000007
(Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191),
CR00376
(CA00191 -> CA00587),
CB000033
(Knwon path in general: CA00587 -> CA00592),
CB000033
(Knwon path in general: CA00592 -> CA00597),
CR00093
(CA00597 -> CA01134)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (
CR00374
: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> LCYe (
CR00376
: CA00191 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (
CR00199
: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (
CR00197
: CA00592 -> CA00597) --> AtCCD1 (
CR00093
: CA00597 -> CA01134)
☀
CA01133 (C14 aldehyde)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00043
(Lycopene)
->
CA00191
(γ-Carotene)
->
CA00309
(β-Carotene)
->
CA01133
(C14 aldehyde)
See:
CB000007
(Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191),
CB000009
(Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309),
CR00041
(CA00309 -> CA01133)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (
CR00374
: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (
CR00365
: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> AtCCD1, CCD1 (
CR00041
: CA00309 -> CA01133)
☀
CA01137 (C9-aldehyde)
biosynthesis pathway
Path:
CA00043
(Lycopene)
->
CA00191
(γ-Carotene)
->
CA00309
(β-Carotene)
->
CA00811
(β-Apo-10'-carotenal)
->
CA01137
(C9-aldehyde)
See:
CB000007
(Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191),
CB000009
(Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309),
CB000090
(Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00811),
CR00039
(CA00811 -> CA01137)
Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory:
CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (
CR00374
: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (
CR00365
: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CCD7/MAX3 (
CR00021
: CA00309 -> CA00811) --> CCD8 (
CR00039
: CA00811 -> CA01137)
Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.
