Carotenoids obi
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                            (Fungi: lichen, ascomycetes)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene)
  2. CA00150 (Lycopene 5,6-epoxide)
  3. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  4. CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin)
  5. CA00328 (Zeaxanthin)
  6. CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin)
  7. CA00407 (Antheraxanthin)
  8. CA00414 (Neoxanthin)
  9. CA00416 (Violaxanthin)
  10. CA00466 (Rhodoxanthin)
  11. CA00489 (Adonixanthin)
  12. CA00550 (Astaxanthin)
  13. CA00597 (Lutein)
  14. CA00599 (3'-Epilutein)
  15. CA00627 (Lutein epoxide)
  16. CA00660 (α-Doradexanthin)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Bacterial type (Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00058 ((all-E)-Phytofluene) -> CA00051 (ζ-Carotene) -> CA00047 (Neurosporene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000005 (Bacterial and fungal pathway: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00058 -> CA00051 -> CA00047 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00389: CA00060 -> CA00058) --> CrtI(1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), Crtla(1.3.99.29) (CR00115: CA00058 -> CA00051) --> PDS(1.3.5.5, 1.3.99.29), CitPDS1(1.3.5.5), BoPDS(1.3.5.5), CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.28, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), Crtlb(1.3.99.28), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00136: CA00051 -> CA00047) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6, 1.3.99.30, 1.3.99.31), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6), Crtlb(1.3.99.26) (CR00132: CA00047 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00042 (3,4-Dehydrolycopene) -> CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene)

   See: CB000077 (Knwon path in mold: CA00043 -> CA00042), CR00122 (CA00042 -> CA00068)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtI (CR00119: CA00043 -> CA00042) --> CrtI (CR00122: CA00042 -> CA00068)




  ☀ CA00150 (Lycopene 5,6-epoxide) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00150 (Lycopene 5,6-epoxide)

   See: Proposed reaction (CA00043 -> CA00150)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: unknown (CA00043 -> CA00150)




  ☀ CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00410 (Mutatoxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000038 (Algal and higher plant pathway (probably eukaryotic): CA00328 -> CA00407), CR00161 (CA00407 -> CA00410)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> unknown (CR00161: CA00407 -> CA00410)




  ☀ CA00599 (3'-Epilutein) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00599 (3'-Epilutein)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00298 -> CA00587), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00587 -> CA00592), Proposed reaction (CA00592 -> CA00599)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> unknown (CA00592 -> CA00599)




  ☀ CA00660 (α-Doradexanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00597 (Lutein) -> CA00660 (α-Doradexanthin)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00298 -> CA00587), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00587 -> CA00592), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00592 -> CA00597), CB000146 (CA00597 -> CA00660)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (CR00197: CA00592 -> CA00597) --> unknown (CA00597 -> CA00660)




  ☀ CA00466 (Rhodoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA01098 (3,3'-Diketo-ε-carotene) -> CA01208 (Piprixanthin) -> CA00466 (Rhodoxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000107 (Knwon path in birds: CA00328 -> CA01098), CB000107 (Knwon path in birds: CA01098 -> CA01208), CB000107 (Knwon path in birds: CA01208 -> CA00466)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> unknown (CA00328 -> CA01098) --> unknown (CA01098 -> CA01208) --> unknown (CA01208 -> CA00466)




  ☀ CA00414 (Neoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin)

   See: CB000081 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00407 -> CA00416 -> CA00414)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414)




  ☀ CA00627 (Lutein epoxide) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00597 (Lutein) -> CA00627 (Lutein epoxide)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00298 -> CA00587), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00587 -> CA00592), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00592 -> CA00597), CB000039 (Knwon path in general: CA00597 -> CA00627)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (CR00197: CA00592 -> CA00597) --> unknown (CR00164: CA00597 -> CA00627)




  ☀ CA00550 (Astaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00489 (Adonixanthin) -> CA00550 (Astaxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000058 (Knwon path in general: CA00328 -> CA00489), similar to CB000055: CA00462 -> CA00471 (proposed reaction: CA00489 -> CA00550)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> CrtW (CR00239: CA00328 -> CA00489) --> unknown (CA00489 -> CA00550)



Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.