Carotenoids obi
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                            (Cyanobacteria: same as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120)
                                 ☀ Click here to see the carotenoid profile of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       [  Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00002 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporene)
  2. CA00011 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporen-4-al)
  3. CA00015 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporen-4-oic acid)
  4. CA00043 (Lycopene)
  5. CA00163 ()
  6. CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene)
  7. CA00190 (Torulene)
  8. CA00963 (4-Ketomyxol 2'-fucoside)
  9. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  10. CA00328 (Zeaxanthin)
  11. CA00789 (Apo-8'-lycopenal)
  12. CA01144 (Apo-8'-lycopenol)
  13. CA01148 (Apo-10'-lycopenal)
  14. CA00788 (10'-Apolycopen-10'-ol)
  15. CA00833 (β-Citraurinol)
  16. CA01145 (β-Apo-8'-carotenol)
  17. CA00832 (β-Citraurin)
  18. CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal)
  19. CA00811 (β-Apo-10'-carotenal)
  20. CA00810 (Apo-12'-zeaxanthinal)
  21. CA01000 (Apo-15-zeaxanthinal)
  22. CA00807 (Retinal)
  23. CA00803 (β-Ionone)
  24. CA00886 (Crocetindial)
  25. CA01136 (8',10-apocarotenal)
  26. CA01143 (Apo-8',15'-carotenedial)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: CA00163 (), CA01144 (Apo-8'-lycopenol), CA01148 (Apo-10'-lycopenal), CA00788 (10'-Apolycopen-10'-ol), CA00810 (Apo-12'-zeaxanthinal)
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Plant type (Ref.690)

  ☀ CA00015 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporen-4-oic acid) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00008 (4,4'-Diapophytoene) -> CA00002 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporene) -> CA00011 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporen-4-al) -> CA00015 (4,4'-Diaponeurosporen-4-oic acid)

   See: CB000003 (Knwon path in Staphylococcus: CA00008 -> CA00002 -> CA00011 -> CA00015)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtN(1.3.8.2) (CR00273: CA00008 -> CA00002) --> CrtN2 (CR00006: CA00002 -> CA00011) --> CrtOx (CR00221: CA00011 -> CA00015)




  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (CR00391: CA00044 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00042 (3,4-Dehydrolycopene) -> CA00068 (Bisdehydrolycopene)

   See: CB000077 (Knwon path in mold: CA00043 -> CA00042), CR00122 (CA00042 -> CA00068)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtI (CR00119: CA00043 -> CA00042) --> CrtI (CR00122: CA00042 -> CA00068)




  ☀ CA00190 (Torulene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00042 (3,4-Dehydrolycopene) -> CA00190 (Torulene)

   See: CB000078 (Knwon path in mold: CA00043 -> CA00042 -> CA00190)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtI (CR00119: CA00043 -> CA00042) --> AL2 (CR00370: CA00042 -> CA00190)




  ☀ CA00963 (4-Ketomyxol 2'-fucoside) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA01058 ((2'S)-Deoxymyxol 2'-alpha-L-fucoside) -> CA00961 (Myxol 2'-fucoside) -> CA00963 (4-Ketomyxol 2'-fucoside)

   See: CB000051 (Knwon path in cyanobacterium: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA01058 -> CA00961 -> CA00963)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> unknown (CR00317: CA00191 -> CA01058) --> CrtR (CR00205: CA01058 -> CA00961) --> CrtW (CR00247: CA00961 -> CA00963)




  ☀ CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin)

   See: CB000081 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328)




  ☀ CA00789 (Apo-8'-lycopenal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00789 (Apo-8'-lycopenal)

   See: CR00437 (CA00043 -> CA00789)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: Autooxidation (probably non-enzymatic) (CR00437: CA00043 -> CA00789)




  ☀ CA00833 (β-Citraurinol) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00832 (β-Citraurin) -> CA00833 (β-Citraurinol)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CB000104 (Knwon path in mandarin: CA00328 -> CA00832), similar to CB000091: CA00825 -> CA01145 (proposed reaction: CA00832 -> CA00833)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> unknown (CA00328 -> CA00832) --> unknown (CA00832 -> CA00833)




  ☀ CA01145 (β-Apo-8'-carotenol) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal) -> CA01145 (β-Apo-8'-carotenol)

   See: CB000091 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00825 -> CA01145)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CCD (CR00057: CA00309 -> CA00825) --> unknown (CR00269: CA00825 -> CA01145)




  ☀ CA00832 (β-Citraurin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00832 (β-Citraurin)

   See: CB000103 (Knwon path in mandarin: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00832)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> unknown (CA00322 -> CA00832)




  ☀ CA00832 (β-Citraurin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00832 (β-Citraurin)

   See: CB000104 (Knwon path in mandarin: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00832)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> unknown (CA00328 -> CA00832)




  ☀ CA00811 (β-Apo-10'-carotenal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00811 (β-Apo-10'-carotenal)

   See: CB000090 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00811)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CCD7/MAX3 (CR00021: CA00309 -> CA00811)




  ☀ CA01000 (Apo-15-zeaxanthinal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA01000 (Apo-15-zeaxanthinal)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00328), CR00052 (CA00328 -> CA01000)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> NinaB (CR00052: CA00328 -> CA01000)




  ☀ CA00807 (Retinal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00807 (Retinal)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000087 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00807)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CCD, CarX, NosACO, Brp (CR00050: CA00309 -> CA00807)




  ☀ CA00803 (β-Ionone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00311 ((9Z)-β-Carotene) -> CA00803 (β-Ionone)

   See: CB000086 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00311 -> CA00803)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: DWARF27 (CR00357: CA00309 -> CA00311) --> CCD7, MAX3, D17/HTD1, RMS5, DAD1, NCED7 (CR00082: CA00311 -> CA00803)




  ☀ CA00896 (Crocin 5) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00886 (Crocetindial) -> CA00889 (Crocetin) -> CA00896 (Crocin 5)

   See: CB000082 (Knwon path in land plants: CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00886 -> CA00889 -> CA00896)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZCD, CCD2 (CR00056: CA00328 -> CA00886) --> unknown (CR00213: CA00886 -> CA00889) --> unknown (CR00296: CA00889 -> CA00896)




  ☀ CA01136 (8',10-apocarotenal) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal) -> CA01136 (8',10-apocarotenal)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000091 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00825), CR00020 (CA00825 -> CA01136)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CCD (CR00057: CA00309 -> CA00825) --> CCD (CR00020: CA00825 -> CA01136)




  ☀ CA01143 (Apo-8',15'-carotenedial) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00825 (β-Apo-8'-carotenal) -> CA01145 (β-Apo-8'-carotenol) -> CA01143 (Apo-8',15'-carotenedial)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000091 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00825), CB000091 (Knwon path in general: CA00825 -> CA01145), CR00034 (CA01145 -> CA01143)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CCD (CR00057: CA00309 -> CA00825) --> unknown (CR00269: CA00825 -> CA01145) --> NosACO (CR00034: CA01145 -> CA01143)



Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428
Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.