Carotenoids obi
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                            (Green alga: Trebouxiophyceae)
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☀ Pathway reconstructed carotenoids:       Search similar carotenogenesis pathway constructing organisms  ]  
  1. CA00309 (β-Carotene)
  2. CA00414 (Neoxanthin)
  3. CA00416 (Violaxanthin)
  4. CA00462 (Echinenone)
  5. CA00527 (Botryoxanthin A)
  6. CA00528 (Botryoxanthin B)
  7. CA00529 (Braunixanthin 1)
  8. CA00530 (Braunixanthin 2)
  9. CA00587 (α-Carotene)
  10. CA00597 (Lutein)
  11. CA00608 (Loroxanthin)
  12. CA00652 (α-Botryoxanthin)
☀ Pathway unconstructed carotenoids: None
☀ Lycopene biosynthesis type: Plant type (Ref.690)


  ☀ CA00043 (Lycopene) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00189 (Prephytoene pyrophosphate (diphosphate)) -> CA00060 (Phytoene) -> CA00059 ((9Z,15Z)-Phytofluene) -> CA00053 ((9Z,15Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00065 ((9Z,9'Z)-ζ-Carotene) -> CA00066 ((7Z,9Z,9'Z)-Neurosporene) -> CA00044 (Prolycopene) -> CA00043 (Lycopene)

   See: CB000004 (Cyanobacterial and higher plant pathay: CA00189 -> CA00060 -> CA00059 -> CA00053 -> CA00065 -> CA00066 -> CA00044 -> CA00043)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtB(2.5.1.32), CitPsy(2.5.1.32), AtPSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00277: CA00189 -> CA00060) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00015: CA00060 -> CA00059) --> PDS(1.3.5.5) (CR00016: CA00059 -> CA00053) --> Z-ISO(5.2.1.12) (CR00390: CA00053 -> CA00065) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00011: CA00065 -> CA00066) --> CrtI(1.3.5.6), CrtQa(1.3.5.6), CrtQb(1.3.5.6), ZDS(1.3.5.6) (CR00012: CA00066 -> CA00044) --> CRTISO(5.2.1.13) (CR00391: CA00044 -> CA00043)




  ☀ CA00414 (Neoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00328 (Zeaxanthin) -> CA00407 (Antheraxanthin) -> CA00416 (Violaxanthin) -> CA00414 (Neoxanthin)

   See: CB000081 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00322 -> CA00328 -> CA00407 -> CA00416 -> CA00414)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00190: CA00322 -> CA00328) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00158: CA00328 -> CA00407) --> ZEP(1.14.13.90) (CR00159: CA00407 -> CA00416) --> ABA4(5.3.99.9), NSY(5.3.99.9), NXS(5.3.99.9) (CR00382: CA00416 -> CA00414)




  ☀ CA00462 (Echinenone) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone)

   See: CB000062 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191 -> CA00309 -> CA00462)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462)




  ☀ CA00527 (Botryoxanthin A) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00527 (Botryoxanthin A)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00309 -> CA00462), Proposed reaction (CA00462 -> CA00527)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> unknown (CA00462 -> CA00527)




  ☀ CA00528 (Botryoxanthin B) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00462 (Echinenone) -> CA00471 (Canthaxanthin) -> CA00528 (Botryoxanthin B)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00309 -> CA00462), CB000055 (Knwon path in Gordonia (bacterium): CA00462 -> CA00471), Proposed reaction (CA00471 -> CA00528)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00234: CA00309 -> CA00462) --> CrtO, CrtW (CR00241: CA00462 -> CA00471) --> unknown (CA00471 -> CA00528)




  ☀ CA00529 (Braunixanthin 1) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00474 ((3S)-3-Hydroxyechinenone) -> CA00529 (Braunixanthin 1)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000059 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00474), Proposed reaction (CA00474 -> CA00529)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtW (CR00236: CA00322 -> CA00474) --> unknown (CA00474 -> CA00529)




  ☀ CA00530 (Braunixanthin 2) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00309 (β-Carotene) -> CA00322 (β-Cryptoxanthin) -> CA00474 ((3S)-3-Hydroxyechinenone) -> CA00530 (Braunixanthin 2)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CB000009 (Knwon path in general: CA00191 -> CA00309), CB000028 (Knwon path in general: CA00309 -> CA00322), CB000059 (Knwon path in general: CA00322 -> CA00474), Proposed reaction (CA00474 -> CA00530)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P, AL2, PSY(2.5.1.32) (CR00365: CA00191 -> CA00309) --> CrtR(1.14.13.129), CrtZ(1.14.13.129), LUT5(1.14.13.129), BCH(1.14.13.129) (CR00192: CA00309 -> CA00322) --> CrtW (CR00236: CA00322 -> CA00474) --> unknown (CA00474 -> CA00530)




  ☀ CA00597 (Lutein) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00597 (Lutein)

   See: CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298 -> CA00587 -> CA00592 -> CA00597)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (CR00197: CA00592 -> CA00597)




  ☀ CA00608 (Loroxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00298 (δ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00592 (Zeinoxanthin) -> CA00597 (Lutein) -> CA00608 (Loroxanthin)

   See: CB000010 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00298), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00298 -> CA00587), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00587 -> CA00592), CB000033 (Knwon path in general: CA00592 -> CA00597), CB000065 (Knwon path in Prasinophyceae (algae): CA00597 -> CA00608)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtL-e(5.5.1.18), LCYe(5.5.1.18) (CR00377: CA00043 -> CA00298) --> LCYb, CrtL(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CrtL-e(5.5.1.19) (CR00367: CA00298 -> CA00587) --> LUT5/CYP97A3, CrtR-b (CR00199: CA00587 -> CA00592) --> LUT1/CYP97C1 (CR00197: CA00592 -> CA00597) --> unknown (CR00195: CA00597 -> CA00608)




  ☀ CA00652 (α-Botryoxanthin) biosynthesis pathway

   Path: CA00043 (Lycopene) -> CA00191 (γ-Carotene) -> CA00587 (α-Carotene) -> CA00655 (Phoenicopterone) -> CA00652 (α-Botryoxanthin)

   See: CB000007 (Knwon path in general: CA00043 -> CA00191), CR00376 (CA00191 -> CA00587), similar to CB000146: CA00597 -> CA00660 (proposed reaction: CA00587 -> CA00655), Proposed reaction (CA00655 -> CA00652)

   Necessary enzymes for those reactions in theory: CrtY(5.5.1.19), CrtL-b(5.5.1.19), CruA/P(5.5.1.19), AL2(5.5.1.19) (CR00374: CA00043 -> CA00191) --> LCYe (CR00376: CA00191 -> CA00587) --> unknown (CA00587 -> CA00655) --> unknown (CA00655 -> CA00652)




Ref.690 : Enfissi EM, Nogueira M, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):774-788. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13428. Epub 2017 Feb 7., "The regulation of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit.", PMID: 27865019 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13428

Since June 15th, 2015 by Junko Yabuzaki.